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Simplifying Service Mesh Configuration with Tetrate Service Bridge, Flux CD and GitOps

Simplifying Service Mesh Configuration with Tetrate Service Bridge, Flux CD and GitOps

| Author: Alexey Skvortsov

Service Mesh Architecture

Article content

Service Mesh Configuration

Introduction

In the dynamic environment of cloud-native applications and microservices, efficiently managing service mesh configurations has become critical. Organizations need robust solutions to streamline the management and deployment of their service mesh environments. This article explores how integrating Tetrate Service Bridge (TSB) with continuous delivery tooling like Flux CD in a GitOps practice can simplify service mesh configuration and promote efficient application deployment.

TSB, GitOps and Flux CD: a Winning Combination

GitOps has gained significant traction as an operational model for managing infrastructure and application configurations, using Git as a single source of truth. Flux CD is a popular open source GitOps tool that provides continuous delivery and automated deployment capabilities for Kubernetes environments. Tetrate Service Bridge —Tetrate’s application networking and security platform—serves as a global service mesh management plane, offering organizations a powerful solution for managing their service mesh configurations across multiple environments, clouds and on-premises.

Together, Tetrate Service Bridge, FluxCD and GitOps practices allow organizations to streamline service mesh management, ensuring efficient and reliable deployment of their cloud-native applications with improved visibility, consistency and automation.

GitOps with FluxCD: a Declarative Approach

GitOps simplifies infrastructure and application management by following a declarative approach. It treats infrastructure and application configurations as code, stored in a Git repository. FluxCD, as a GitOps tool, facilitates this process by continuously monitoring the Git repository for changes to update the desired state of the Kubernetes cluster.

FluxCD’s automated synchronization capabilities ensure that any changes made to the desired state in the Git repository are automatically applied to the Kubernetes cluster. By leveraging Kubernetes controllers, FluxCD manages the deployment, updating and deletion of Kubernetes resources based on the configuration changes. This allows for efficient continuous deployment practices, enabling organizations to deliver applications rapidly and reliably.

Integrating FluxCD with Tetrate Service Bridge: Simplifying Service Mesh Configuration

Tetrate Service Bridge complements the GitOps workflow by providing a global management plane for multiple service mesh environments. Tetrate’s management plane simplifies configuration and security of distributed services giving teams centralized configuration and policy authorship with consistent and auditable application of those policies across heterogeneous environments. With TSB’s GitOps support, application teams can create TSB configuration resources directly within their application clusters, pushing changes alongside application updates in the same manner.

GitOps Pull and Push Approaches

There are two deployment strategies for GitOps: push-based and pull-based.

In the push approach, once a commit has been made on a Git repository or a CI pipeline was executed successfully, an external system (mostly CD pipelines) is triggered to deploy the artifacts to the cluster. In this approach, the pipeline system requires the relevant permissions to access the cluster.

On the other hand, in the pull approach, an agent inside the destination cluster regularly scans the associated Git repositories. If a change is detected, the cluster state will be updated from inside the cluster. This means that the CD components are moved to reside within the clusters themselves.

Choosing between the push and pull approaches depends on the specific needs and requirements of your team or organization. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, as each scenario varies greatly. It is important to weigh the needs of your team or organization and consider the pros and cons of each approach. In some cases, a combination of both push and pull approaches may be the most suitable solution.

FluxCD and Tetrate Service Bridge support both push and pull GitOps strategies, depending on requirements. FluxCD can be used to trigger deployments in the push approach, where external systems handle the deployment process. Alternatively, in the pull approach, FluxCD can act as the agent within the cluster, scanning the Git repositories and updating the cluster state accordingly.

Figure 1. Tetrate Service Bridge with Flux CD push and pull approaches.

The Power of GitOps, FluxCD and TSB Integration

Unified configuration management. GitOps enables a unified approach to managing both application and service mesh configurations. By defining and managing all configuration changes in a single Git repository, teams ensure consistency and traceability across their infrastructure and application stack.

Automation and continuous deployment. GitOps, FluxCD and TSB together provide end-to-end automation of service mesh configurations. Changes made to the Git repository trigger automated reconciliation processes, ensuring that the service mesh’s actual state aligns with the desired state defined in the repository. This promotes continuous deployment practices, accelerates application delivery and reduces the risk of configuration drift.

Collaboration and review. GitOps workflows promote collaboration and review processes for service mesh configuration management. Teams can leverage Git’s pull request, code review and approval mechanisms to validate and review changes before they are applied to the cluster. This fosters collaboration among team members, improves the overall quality of configurations and ensures adherence to best practices.

Scalability and consistency. With GitOps, FluxCD and TSB, organizations can efficiently manage multiple clusters and environments. Using branches or paths within the Git repository, teams can define environment-specific configurations, ensuring each environment has its appropriate settings while maintaining consistency across deployments.

Demo: Configuring Flux CD for GitOps

In this section, we will explore how to configure Flux CD with GitHub integration to deploy a test application to a target cluster with all the necessary TSB resources.

Step 1: Cluster Setup

Before we dive into configuring Flux CD, let’s set up the target cluster with a GitHub integration. Make sure you have the following prerequisites:

Step 1.1. Export your credentials:

export GITHUB_USER=<your-username>

Step 1.2. Check you have everything needed to run Flux by running the following command:

flux check --pre
► checking prerequisites
✔ Kubernetes 1.23.17-eks-c12679a >=1.20.6-0
✔ prerequisites checks passed

Step 1.3. Install Flux on the target cluster with GitHub integration, use the following command under the target cluster Kubernetes context:

flux bootstrap github \
  --owner=$GITHUB_USER \
  --repository=fleet-infra \
  --branch=main \
  --path=./clusters/my-cluster

Note:You will need a GitHub Personal Access Token (PAT) to input in the above command. If you’re using your personal GitHub account for testing purposes, add the --personal --private flags.

The bootstrap command above does the following:

  • Creates a Git repository fleet-infra on your GitHub account (your value from export GITHUB_USER=<your-username>)
  • Adds Flux component manifests to the repository
  • Deploys Flux Components to your Kubernetes Cluster
  • Configures Flux components to track the path /clusters/my-cluster in the repository

Under the hood, Flux CD uses a Kustomization with a GitRepository source to store its own resources. You can query the status of Flux using the following command:

flux get all
NAME                     	REVISION          	SUSPENDED	READY	MESSAGE
gitrepository/flux-system	main@sha1:80299a36	False    	True 	stored artifact for revision 'main@sha1:80299a36'
NAME                     	REVISION          	SUSPENDED	READY	MESSAGE
kustomization/flux-system	main@sha1:80299a36	False    	True 	Applied revision: main@sha1:80299a36

This will provide you with information about the Flux resources and their current status.

Step 2: Clone the Git Repository

After Flux is up and running, the next step is to push new configurations to the git-ops repository for my-cluster.

Clone the fleet-infra repository to your local machine:

git clone https://github.com/$GITHUB_USER/fleet-infra
cd fleet-infra

Step 3: Add the tsb Repository to Flux

There are several ways to structure your GitOps repositories. For simplicity, we will use the same repository for both cluster and application configurations. This example uses a private repository https://github.com/<your-private-repo>/tsb.git that contains the following (Figures 2-4):

Figure 2: Repository tree view.
Figure 3: Repository code.

Figure 4: Repository code, continued.

Note: bookinfo definitions can be taken from istio repository via  curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/master/samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml -o bookinfo.yaml and TSB resources to be created from: Tenant, Workspace, Config Groups, Ingress Gateway respectively.

Step 3.1. Create a GitRepository manifest pointing to tsb repository’s master branch:

flux create source git tsb \
  --url=https://github.com/<your-private-repo>/tsb \
  --branch=master \
  --interval=30s \
  --export > ./clusters/my-cluster/tsb-bookinfo-source.yaml

The output should be similar to:

cat tsb-bookinfo-source.yaml
---
apiVersion: source.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v1
kind: GitRepository
metadata:
  name: tsb
  namespace: flux-system
spec:
  interval: 30s
  ref:
    branch: master
  url: https://github.com/<your-private-repo>/tsb

Step 3.2. Commit and push the tsb-bookinfo-source.yaml file to the fleet-infra repository:

git add -A && git commit -m "Add bookinfo-source to GitRepository"
git push

Step 4. Deploy bookinfo Application and TSB Resources

Configure Flux to build and apply the kustomize directory located in the tsb repository.

Step 4.1. Use the flux create command as described in the steps below to create a Kustomization that applies the TSB deployment in the correct order. This will enforce a strict order when applying them into the cluster. 

Step 4.1.1. Create bookinfo services:

flux create kustomization tsb \
  --target-namespace=bookinfo \
  --source=tsb \
  --path="./kustomize" \
  --prune=true \
  --interval=2m \
  --export > ./clusters/my-cluster/bookinfo-kustomization.yaml

Step 4.1.2. Create TSB resources and their configuration based on the TSB resource hierarchy:

flux create kustomization tsb-dep \
  --target-namespace=bookinfo \
  --source=tsb \
  --path="./kustomize/dep" \
  --prune=true \
  --interval=2m \
  --depends-on=tsb \
  --export >> ./clusters/my-cluster/bookinfo-kustomization.yaml

The output should be similar to:

cat bookinfo-kustomization.yaml
---
apiVersion: kustomize.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v1
kind: Kustomization
metadata:
  name: tsb
  namespace: flux-system
spec:
  interval: 2m0s
  path: ./kustomize
  prune: true
  sourceRef:
    kind: GitRepository
    name: tsb
  targetNamespace: bookinfo
---
apiVersion: kustomize.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v1
kind: Kustomization
metadata:
  name: tsb-dep
  namespace: flux-system
spec:
  dependsOn:
  - name: tsb
  interval: 2m0s
  path: ./kustomize/dep
  prune: true
  sourceRef:
    kind: GitRepository
    name: tsb
  targetNamespace: bookinfo

From the above output we can see that the second batch of deployments (tsb-dep) depends on the first one (tsb). This means that objects are configured in yaml files from path ./kustomize in the  tsb private repo will be deployed first:

Figure 5. Kustomization resources order example to be applied first.

And objects are configured in yaml files from path ./kustomize/dep from the tsb private repo will be deployed after:


Figure 6. Kustomization resources order example to be applied after.

Step 4.2. Commit and push the Kustomization manifest to the repository:

git add -A && git commit -m "Add bookinfo-kustomization Kustomization"
git push

The structure of the fleet-infra repo should be similar to:


Figure 7. fleet-infra repository tree view after kustomization commit

Figure 8. fleet-infra repository tree view after source commit

Step 5: Watch Flux Sync the Application and TSB Objects

Step 5.1. Use the flux get command:

flux get kustomizations --watch

The output should be similar to:

flux get kustomizations --watch
NAME       	REVISION          	SUSPENDED	READY	MESSAGE
flux-system	main@sha1:a08dcaf9	False    	True 	Applied revision: main@sha1:a08dcaf9
tsb-dep	master@sha1:98a10b48	False	True	Applied revision: master@sha1:98a10b48
tsb	master@sha1:98a10b48	False	True	Applied revision: master@sha1:98a10b48

Step 5.2. Check that the bookinfo application has been deployed on your cluster:

kubectl get all -n bookinfo
NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/details-v1-8567b4445b-9vt7c             2/2     Running   0          3d23h
pod/productpage-v1-6d5bff6746-mf9t2         2/2     Running   0          3d23h
pod/ratings-v1-7f8745548-49v62              2/2     Running   0          3d23h
pod/reviews-v1-6bb8f77d4c-hl5k4             2/2     Running   0          3d23h
pod/reviews-v2-86968c9c99-gndjh             2/2     Running   0          3d23h
pod/reviews-v3-6fffc5458c-xk2dx             2/2     Running   0          3d23h
pod/tsb-gateway-bookinfo-56b575bbdd-tnnfb   1/1     Running   0          3d23h

NAME                           TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP                                                                 PORT(S)                                      AGE
service/details                ClusterIP      10.100.176.70    <none>                                                                      9080/TCP                                     3d23h
service/productpage            ClusterIP      10.100.57.151    <none>                                                                      9080/TCP                                     3d23h
service/ratings                ClusterIP      10.100.97.60     <none>                                                                      9080/TCP                                     3d23h
service/reviews                ClusterIP      10.100.42.81     <none>                                                                      9080/TCP                                     3d23h
service/tsb-gateway-bookinfo   LoadBalancer   10.100.143.153   lbdns.ca-central-1.elb.amazonaws.com   15443:31889/TCP,80:31659/TCP,443:31152/TCP   3d23h

NAME                                   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/details-v1             1/1     1            1           3d23h
deployment.apps/productpage-v1         1/1     1            1           3d23h
deployment.apps/ratings-v1             1/1     1            1           3d23h
deployment.apps/reviews-v1             1/1     1            1           3d23h
deployment.apps/reviews-v2             1/1     1            1           3d23h
deployment.apps/reviews-v3             1/1     1            1           3d23h
deployment.apps/tsb-gateway-bookinfo   1/1     1            1           3d23h

NAME                                              DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/details-v1-8567b4445b             1         1         1       3d23h
replicaset.apps/productpage-v1-6d5bff6746         1         1         1       3d23h
replicaset.apps/ratings-v1-7f8745548              1         1         1       3d23h
replicaset.apps/reviews-v1-6bb8f77d4c             1         1         1       3d23h
replicaset.apps/reviews-v2-86968c9c99             1         1         1       3d23h
replicaset.apps/reviews-v3-6fffc5458c             1         1         1       3d23h
replicaset.apps/tsb-gateway-bookinfo-56b575bbdd   1         1         1       3d23h

NAME                                                       REFERENCE                         TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/tsb-gateway-bookinfo   Deployment/tsb-gateway-bookinfo   <unknown>/75%   1         10        1          3d23h

Step 6: Validate TSB Configuration

Validate TSB objects have been deployed and configured as per tsb repo manifests using either the tctl CLI or the TSB web-based user interface.

Step 6.1: Review TSB Configuration with the tctl CLI

Step 6.1.1: Review the TSB tenant config with tctl:

tctl get tenant -oyaml
apiVersion: api.tsb.tetrate.io/v2
kind: Tenant
metadata:
  displayName: Tetrate
  name: tetrate
  organization: tetrate
  resourceVersion: '"g/gDdysAnlQ="'
spec:
  displayName: Tetrate
  etag: '"g/gDdysAnlQ="'
  fqn: organizations/tetrate/tenants/tetrate

Step 6.1.2: Review the TSB workspace config:

tctl get workspace bookinfo-ws -oyaml
apiVersion: api.tsb.tetrate.io/v2
kind: Workspace
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-ws
  organization: tetrate
  resourceVersion: '"1XSQLvmqJCM="'
  tenant: tetrate
spec:
  etag: '"1XSQLvmqJCM="'
  fqn: organizations/tetrate/tenants/tetrate/workspaces/bookinfo-ws
  namespaceSelector:
    names:
    - '*/bookinfo'

Step 6.1.3: Review the TSB gateway groups config:

tctl get gatewaygroups --tenant tetrate --workspace bookinfo-ws -oyaml
apiVersion: gateway.tsb.tetrate.io/v2
kind: Group
metadata:
  name: bookinfo-gw
  organization: tetrate
  resourceVersion: '"GFkG2plUAO0="'
  tenant: tetrate
  workspace: bookinfo-ws
spec:
  etag: '"GFkG2plUAO0="'
  fqn: organizations/tetrate/tenants/tetrate/workspaces/bookinfo-ws/gatewaygroups/bookinfo-gw
  namespaceSelector:
    names:
    - '*/bookinfo'

Step 6.1.4: Review the TSB ingress gateway config:

tctl get IngressGateway --tenant tetrate --workspace bookinfo-ws --group bookinfo-gw -oyaml
apiVersion: gateway.tsb.tetrate.io/v2
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
  group: bookinfo-gw
  name: bookinfo
  organization: tetrate
  resourceVersion: '"+xXA00ZMAaU="'
  tenant: tetrate
  workspace: bookinfo-ws
spec:
  etag: '"+xXA00ZMAaU="'
  fqn: organizations/tetrate/tenants/tetrate/workspaces/bookinfo-ws/gatewaygroups/bookinfo-gw/ingressgateways/bookinfo
  http:
  - hostname: bookinfo.tetrate.com
    name: bookinfo
    port: 80
    routing:
      rules:
      - route:
          host: bookinfo/productpage.bookinfo.svc.cluster.local
  workloadSelector:
    labels:
      app: tsb-gateway-bookinfo
    namespace: bookinfo

Step 6.2 (optional): Review TSB Configuration with the TSB Web UI


Figure 9. Review TSB configuration with the TSB Web UI

Changes made to the tsb manifests in the master branch are reflected in your cluster.

When a manifest is removed from the tsb repository, Flux removes it from your cluster. When you delete a Kustomizations from the fleet-infra repository, Flux removes all Kubernetes and TSB objects previously applied from that Kustomizations.

When you alter the bookinfo deployment using kubectl or edit TSB objects from the web UI or the tctl CLI, the changes will be reverted to match the state described in Git.

Conclusion

By configuring FluxCD for GitOps in conjunction with Tetrate Service Bridge, you can leverage the power of Git-based configuration management and automated synchronization combined with Tetrate’s global management plane to streamline service mesh configuration workflows.

This integration ensures consistency, traceability and automation in managing the TSB environment, allowing teams to focus on delivering more business value with less operational overhead. With the combined strengths of TSB, FluxCD and GitOps, organizations can simplify service mesh configuration while optimizing application deployment processes. By embracing this winning combination, organizations can unlock the full potential of their service mesh environments and accelerate their journey towards cloud-native excellence.

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